Testicular Cancer

Unlike prostate cancer, testicular cancer usually affects young males – those aged 15 to 40 years. It often strikes men in their mid-20s. The good news, however, is that testicular cancer is usually quite curable, especially if it is caught early. The best method of detection is through a testicular self-exam, performed once a month after a bath or hot shower (the scrotum is looser then, making it easier to feel any abnormalities). Men should examine each testicle separately, feeling for lumps, ridges or areas that are painful to the touch, as these can all be a sign of cancer. However, it is important to note that any unusual findings must be reported to a doctor, who can then make a proper diagnosis. Not all abnormalities are an indication of cancer. Once diagnosed, you can discuss possible treatment options with your doctor. Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or some combination of these. You should also examine your options surrounding fertility after treatment.

5 Things You Need to Know

  1. Apart from lumps and other physical abnormalities, other signs of testicular cancer include pain and tenderness in the testicles, extreme swelling or shrinking of a testis, loss of sexual activity, decreased libido, general fatigue and clear, watery or bloody semen.
  2. Testicular cancer recurs in less than 5 percent of patients.
  3. The cure rate for testicular cancer is in excess of 95 percent.
  4. Caucasians have the highest incidence of testicular cancer.
  5. Although most common between ages 15 and 40, testicular cancer is also high among infants and 60-year-olds. It is important that men see a physician regularly and keep stock of changes in their bodies throughout their lives.

3 Things You Need to Ask Your Doctor

  1. Am I at risk? Although age is perhaps the biggest risk factor, a family history of testicular cancer, delayed descent of the testicle or abnormal development of the testicles can also play a part. Discuss your medical history with your physician to assess your personal level of risk.
  2. How do I conduct a self-examination? Your doctor can describe the procedure and may even have aids (such as model testicles) to help you determine what a “normal” testicle should feel like. He or she probably also has literature that you can take home and use to refresh yourself between monthly exams.
  3. (If diagnosed) Can I still have kids? Often, the remaining testis will produce enough testosterone to provide adequate fertility, but you may want to test your hormone levels or store sperm prior to the procedure just in case. Your doctor can walk you through all of the available options for having children after testicular cancer and may even be able to refer you to appropriate facilities (e.g., a sperm bank).

Also Known As: Teste cancer, testicular exam, testicular lump

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