Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is caused by a mutation of cells in the prostate – a walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system. Sitting below the bladder and in front of the rectum, the prostate assists in the production and storage of seminal fluid. It is also the most common site for cancer in American men, outside of the lungs. Men over 50, as well as African-American men, are particularly at risk. Other risk factors include a high-fat diet and a family history of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer can be detected through a physical examination (prostate exam) or a blood test for prostate specific antigen (PSA), and is usually confirmed via biopsy. Treatments include radiation therapy, hormonal therapy and surgery. As with most cancers, early diagnosis leads to more successful treatment.

5 Things You Need to Know

  1. Symptoms of prostate cancer include frequent, difficult or painful urination and blood in the urine. Prostate cancer may also lead to erectile dysfunction or painful ejaculation.
  2. Prostate cancers are generally slow-growing, and many never reach the stage where they produce symptoms. Routine checkups are important for diagnosis.

  3. Broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, Brussels sprouts and other cruciferous vegetables may help reduce the risk of prostate cancer. A recent study found that men who ate such vegetables more than once a week were 40 percent less likely than their non-vegetable-eating counterparts to develop prostate cancer.
  4. Anti-inflammatory drugs, cholesterol-lowering medications and dietary supplements (particularly vitamin E and selenium) may help prevent prostate cancer when taken on a daily basis.
  5. Prostate cancer affects 1 in 6 American men.

3 Questions You Need to Ask Your Doctor

  1. When should I start being screened for prostate cancer? The general recommendation is that screening start when a man is 50; however, high-risk candidates, such as African-American men or those with a family history of prostate cancer, may wish to begin screening as early as age 35. Your doctor will be able to assess your screening needs based on your particular combination of risk factors.
  2. What can I do to lower my risk of prostate cancer? Some risk factors, such as race and family history, cannot be helped, but dietary factors can easily be changed. Review your diet with your doctor, who will be able to suggest specific changes you can make to reduce your risk.
  3. (If you have prostate cancer) What is my best option for treatment? Treatments for prostate cancer range from active surveillance to surgery. Your best option will depend on your age, the stage of the cancer and your general health and prognosis. Your doctor will be able to explain the options available and recommend a specialist (Oncologist), answer any questions you have about them and help you decide which offers the best trade-off in terms of health and quality of life.

Also Known As: Cancer of the prostate

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